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==Appendix 1: Four Areas of Board Governance==
From [http://culture.alberta.ca/bdp/bulletins/RolesResp09-print.pdf Roles and Responsibilities of Not-for-Profit Boards]
===Framework Governance===
Framework governance covers the broadest policy areas of the organization, such as the mission, the vision, and the strategic direction. The focus is on results, rather than on the methods used to achieve them. Through framework governance, the board defines the mission, the expected outcomes, and the future direction of the organization.
Framework policies include:
*Organizational value(s) and belief statement(s)
*Vision statement
*Mission statement
*Target statements(s)
*Aims or strategic directions
To fulfil its framework governance function, the board:
*Makes sure that there is a strategic plan
*Monitors the framework policies to make sure that they reflect community needs
*Evaluates the organization's progress, as outlined in the framework policies and the strategic plan
===Board Self-Governance===
Board self-governance includes defining how the board will organize itself to get its work done, how the board will govern, and the board's relationship to its membership and to the community.
Board self-governance policies include:
*A process for policy-making
*The governing style to be used by the board
*The process for the Annual General Meeting
*The board's relationship to the membership
*Recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, and evaluating board members
*Roles, responsibilities, and functions of the board, board  members, and committees
*The board structure
*A board member code of conduct
*The board chairperson's role (and the role of other executive members of the board)
To fulfil its self-governance role, the board:
*Fulfils its legal mandate, as defined in its objects and bylaws
*Develops, implements, and monitors board self-governance policies
*Describes lines of communication and authority
*Plans and conducts the Annual General Meeting (AGM)
===Operational Governance===
Operational governance directs the organization's programs and/or services, personnel, and financial resources, and sets the rate of progress that the organization takes towards its vision. There are three areas of operational governance:
#Program governance
#Personnel governance
#Financial governance
====Program governance====
To fulfil this function, the board:
*Monitors the community to make sure that programs and services are relevant to users
*Makes sure that a viable strategy is in place to achieve the mission and goals
*Allocates resources for programs and services
*Monitors and evaluates the results (not the operation) and the cost·effectiveness of the programs and services
An administrative governing board also assumes the responsibility for managing and implementing programs. A policy governing board delegates the responsibility for managing and implementing programs to the Executive Director. The Edmonton Bicycle Commuters Society is mostly a policy governing board.
====Personnel Governance====
To fulfil this function, the board develops policies concerning the executive director and other staff. The board:
*Defines the board's relationship to the executive director
*Delegates authority to the executive director
*Develops policies that define the role, responsibilities, and functions of the executive director
*Makes sure that the executive director has the necessary skills to carry out the mission
*Sets compensation and benefits for the executive director
*Makes sure that a competent replacement for the executive director is available when necessary
*Hires, evaluates, and releases the executive director
*Sets policies for staff salaries, grievance process, compensation, benefits, and health and retirement plans
*Establishes policies for the use of volunteers
*Promotes good board and staff relations
An administrative governing board also develops personnel policies for all administrative staff program and service volunteers. A policy governing board delegates this responsibility to the Executive Director.
====Financial Governance====
To fulfil this function, the board:
*Establishes policies for budgeting and financial reporting
*Monitors the budget
*Oversees, and participates in, fundraising activities
*Makes sure that the assets of the organization are protected and cared for
*Sets policy for the use of contracts
*Makes sure that there are enough resources to operate the organization
*Makes sure that facilities are maintained, and that they meet the organization's needs
*Makes sure that there is an annual financial audit
===Advocacy Governance===
Through advocacy governance, the board secures the community's support for the organization's beliefs, vision, mission, and long-term direction. Advocacy governance also establishes the organization's response to matters that affect its relationship to the community and to society.
To fulfil this function, the board:
*Interprets the organization's beliefs to the community, and encourages support for them
*Develops community awareness of the organization's unique role
*Represents the organization to the community, government, foundations, corporations, and funding agencies
*Monitors government legislation, and advises government officials on the impact of current and proposed policies
*Supports the organization's work in the community
*Participates in clarifying and resolving issues
*Develops policies that describe the organization's position on relevant issues
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